Character’s Names:

जान

फ़रहत

आसमा

बज़्मी

सायरा

हीना

बद्र

 

Place Names:

दामन-ए-कोह

फ़ैसल मस्जिद

एशिया

इसलामाबाद अकैडमी

शकरपरियाँ

रावल डैम

मिशिगन

 

भूलना	verb	to forget
उन दिनों में		in those days
जीवन	noun f.	life
ख़ा	adj.	special
अकेला	adj.	alone
घूमना	verb	to take a walk, to tour
कैमरा	noun m.	camera
खींचन	verb	to pull, to drag, to take [a photo]
फ़ोट	noun m.	photograph
फ़ोटो लेना	verb	to take a photo
उध	adverb	that way, there
इधर	adverb	this way, here
किधर	question adverb	which way, where?
फिर	adverb	then, again, once more, later
जगह	noun f.	place
ख़ानदान	noun m.	family
परिवार	noun m.	family
पूरा	adj.	whole, complete
आध	adj.	half
जल्दी	adj.	fast, quickly
थोड़ा	adj.	a little [bit]
थोड़ी दू		a little far
ले जाना	compound verb	take away
तकलीफ़	noun f.	trouble, pain
आंसू	noun m.	tear
ऊँचा	adj.	high, tall
नीचा	adj.	low
पहाड़	noun m.	mountain
भूख	noun f.	hunger
प्यास	noun f.	thirst
भूख / प्यास लगना	verb	to be hungry / thirsty (takes dative)
भूखा	adj.	hungry
प्यासा	adj.	thirsty
देश	noun m.	country, land
साथ साथ		together
कोई बात नही		no problem, it doesn’t matter
प्रार्थना	noun f.	request
गुज़ारिश	noun f.	request
बीवी	noun f.	wife
भाई साहब		brother sir (honorific)
भाभी	noun f.	brother’s wife
खाने पर		at food, at dinner or lunch
चलाना	verb	to run (a business)
ड्राम	noun m.	drama
पी टी वी	noun f.	PTV (Pakistan Television)
बताना	verb	to tell
कहन	verb	to say
कि		that, whether
सामा	noun m.	stuff, luggage
गाड़ी	noun f.	car
मदद	noun f.	help
मदद करना	verb	to help (object takes genetive)
अच्छा रहेगा		“it will be good”
दाईं तरफ़		“right side”
बाईं तरफ़		“left side”
सोफ़ा	noun m.	sofa
कुर्सी	noun f.	chair
अलग	adj.	separate
अलग अलग		separate, separately
महमा	noun m.	guest
वापस	adverb	back
वापस आना	verb	to go back, to return
किचन	noun m.	kitchen
जलना	verb	to burn
इतवार	noun m.	Sunday

 

Grammar Topics
» 11.1 Requests with प्रार्थना or गुज़ारिश	» 11.4 Future imperatives
» 11.2 Whether	» 11.5 “to have to” with पड़ना
» 11.3 Conditional sentences

 

11.1 Requests  प्रार्थना or गुज़ारिश

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“I would like you to come to my house.”

There is no equivalent construction in Hindi for the above sentence. This idea would be
expressed as:

“My request is that you come to my house.”

मेरी प्रार्थना है कि आप मेरे घर आएँ / आइये ।

मेरी गुज़ारिश है कि वह हिन्दी बोले।

Note that the verb at the end should be in the subjunctive (optative) tense, or you may
use the polite imperative if the person after कि is आप .

 

11.2 “Whether”   कि

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View movie about Whether = कि

Note the use of कि in the following example:

मैं नहीं कह सकता (हूँ) कि वह आएगी (या नहीं)।

I can’t say whether she will come (or not).

In Hindi, as in English, the “or not” may be omitted.

See Snell’s Teach Yourself Hindi (2000) Section

11.3 Conditional Sentences

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Conditional sentences refer to future situations where one event is conditional on
another event. They take the form “If X happens, then Y will happen.” Note that every conditional sentence has
two parts, the “if clause” and the “result cause.” In English, the if clause
is usually in the present tense and the result clause is usually in the future tense. In Hindi,
however, we have three ways to translate the sentence:

	If he comes,	then I will give him the book.
	if clause	result clause
A.	अगर वह आएगा	तो मैं उसे किताब दूँगा।
B.	अगर वह आए	तो मैं उसे किताब दूँगा।
C.	अगर वह आए	तो मैं उसे किताब दूँ।

Choices A and B have more or less the same meaning. In choices C, the use of the
optative tense in the result clause makes the meaning a little more “wishy-washy.” Sentence C could be
translated “If he comes then I might give him the book.”

Note: The the combination “If [future], then [optative]” is not allowed. The following
chart shows the three allowed combinations:

If Clause	Result Clause
future	future
optative	future
optative	optative

 

See Snell’s Teach Yourself Hindi (2000) Section 10.4 page 129

 

11.4 Future Imperatives

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So far we have learned the present imperative forms ख़रीदो(familiar),
and ख़रीदिये (polite). When we want to ask someone to do something in the future, then we may use the future
imperative forms:

1. Familiar future imperative =infinitive, e.g:ख़रीदना, आना

तुम मेरे घर कल आना।

Come to my house tomorrow:

1. Polite future imperative =regular polite imperative +third person sing
   future ending, e.g.:ख़रीदियेगा, आइयेगा

आप मेरे घर कल आइयेगा।

Please come to my house tomorrow.

Note: Both future imperatives are always masculine third person
singular; they never change under any condition.

 

See Snell’s Teach Yourself Hindi (2000) Section 5.2 page 62

 

11.5 “To have to” पड़ना

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View movie about पड़ना

पड़ना literally means “to fall,” but it is commonly used with a dependent verb to mean
“to have to” in the sense of an obligation or compulsion. The subject, i.e. the person who “has to,” will be in
the dative case.

Formula:

“subject” (in dative)

+ object (if any)

+ infinitve

+ पड़ना (conjugated)

 

Since the subject is in dative, what does the verb agree with? There are four choices
as given in the table below:

I will have to buy the books:
1. मुझे किताबें ख़रीदना पड़ेगा।	The verb can remain in masculine third person singular, i.e. not agreeing with the object or the subject.
2. मुझे किताबों को ख़रीदना पड़ेगा।	The object किताबें is followed by the postposition को so the verb must stay in masculine third person singular.
3. मुझे किताबें ख़रीदना पड़ेंगी।	The verb पड़ेंगी is agreeing with the direct object किताबें so it appears the feminine plural form.
4. मुझे किताबें ख़रीदनी पड़ेंगी।	As above, the verb पड़ेंगीagrees with the gender and number of the direct object (in this case feminine plural) and the infinitive ending also changes to ख़रीदनी to reflect the gender of the object!

 

Remember, if you use को after the direct object, the verb cannot agree with the direct
object in number and gender. The postposition blocks the relation between the object and the verb. Since, as we
have learned, an animate direct object always requires the postposition को, then all
“ पड़नाsentences” with an animate direct object must be like choice number 2 above, i.e. the verb will remain in
masculine third person singular form. For example:

किरन को रोज़ स्कूल से अपने भाई को लाना पड़ता है।

Every day Kiran has to bring her brother from school.

Compare the three ways of expressing compulsion in the following examples with a
feminine plural object:

“I should (am supposed to / have to) buy these books.”

मुझको ये किताबें—

should	supposed to	have to
ख़रीदना चाहिये	ख़रीदना है	ख़रीदना पड़ता है
ख़रीदना चाहियें	ख़रीदना हैं	ख़रीदना पड़ती हैं
ख़रीदनी चाहियें	ख़रीदनी हैं	ख़रीदनी पड़ती हैं
इन किताबों को ख़रीदना चाहिये	इन किताबों को ख़रीदना है	ईन किताबों को ख़रीदना पड़ता है

 

Note:   Although each of the above expressions has more or less the same feeling of
obligation or compulsion, just as in English चाहिये “should” is the weakest of the three, “supposed to” is a
shade stronger, and पड़ना “have to” is the strongest of all.

 

See Snell’s Teach Yourself Hindi (2000) Section 13.3 page 165